CHAPTER IV.--State of Religion and Learning among the Irish previous to the Anglo-Norman Invasion

CHAPTER V.--Social Condition of the Irish previous to the Norman Invasion

CHAPTER VI.--Foreign Relations of the Irish previous to the Anglo-Norman Invasion

BOOK IV.

CHAPTER I.--Dermid McMurrogh's Negotiations and Success-- The First Expedition of the Normans into Ireland

CHAPTER II.--The Arms, Armour and Tactics of the Normans and Irish

CHAPTER III.--The First Campaign of Earl Richard--Siege of Dublin--Death of King Dermid McMurrogh

CHAPTER IV.--Second Campaign of Earl Richard--Henry II. in Ireland

CHAPTER V.--From the Return of Henry II. to England till the Death of Earl Richard and his principal Companions

CHAPTER VI.--The Last Years of the Ard-Righ, Roderick O'Conor

CHAPTER VII.--Assassination of Hugh de Lacy--John "Lackland" in Ireland--Various Expeditions of John de Courcy--Death of Conor Moinmoy, and Rise of Cathal, "the Red-Handed" O'Conor--Close of the Career of De Courcy and De Burgh

CHAPTER VIII.--Events of the Thirteenth Century--The Normans in Connaught

CHAPTER IX.--Events of the Thirteenth Century--The Normans in Munster and Leinster

CHAPTER X.--Events of the Thirteenth Century--The Normans in Meath and Ulster

CHAPTER XI.--Retrospect of the Norman Period in Ireland--A Glance at the Military Tactics of the Times--No Conquest of the Country in the Thirteenth Century

CHAPTER XII.--State of Society and Learning in Ireland during the Norman Period

BOOK V.

CHAPTER I.--The Rise of "the Red Earl"--Relations of Ireland and Scotland

CHAPTER II.--The Northern Irish enter into Alliance with King Robert Bruce--Arrival and First Campaign of Edward Bruce

CHAPTER III.--Bruce's Second Campaign and Coronation at Dundalk--The Rising in Connaught--Battle of Athenry--Robert Bruce in Ireland

CHAPTER IV.--Battle of Faughard and Death of King Edward Bruce--Consequences of his Invasion-- Extinction of the Earldom of Ulster--Irish Opinion of Edward Bruce

BOOK VI.

CHAPTER I.--Civil War in England--Its Effects on the Anglo-Irish--The Knights of St. John-- General Desire of the Anglo-Irish to Naturalize themselves among the Native Population--A Policy of Non-Intercourse between the Races Resolved on in England

CHAPTER II.--Lionel, Duke of Clarence, Lord Lieutenant-- The Penal Code of Race--"The Statute of Kilkenny," and some of its Consequences

CHAPTER III.--Art McMurrogh, Lord of Leinster--First Expedition of Richard II. of England to Ireland

CHAPTER IV.--Subsequent Proceedings of Richard II.-- Lieutenancy and Death of the Earl of March-- Second Expedition of Richard against Art McMurrogh--Change of Dynasty in England

CHAPTER V.--Parties within "the Pale"--Battles of Kilmainham and Killucan--Sir John Talbot's Lord Lieutenancy

CHAPTER VI.--Acts of the Native Princes--Subdivision of Tribes and Territories--Anglo-Irish Towns under Native Protection--Attempt of Thaddeus O'Brien, Prince of Thomond, to Restore the Monarchy--Relations of the Races in the Fifteenth Century

CHAPTER VII.--Continued Division and Decline of "the English Interest"--Richard, Duke of York, Lord Lieutenant--Civil War again in England-- Execution of the Earl of Desmond-- Ascendancy of the Kildare Geraldines

CHAPTER VIII.--The Age and Rule of Gerald, Eighth Earl of Kildare--The Tide begins to turn for the English Interest--The Yorkist Pretenders, Simnel and Warbeck--Poyning's Parliament-- Battles of Knockdoe and Monabraher

CHAPTER IX.--State of Irish and Anglo--Irish Society during the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries

CHAPTER X.--State of Religion and Learning during the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries

BOOK VII.

CHAPTER I.--Irish Policy of Henry the Eighth during the Lifetime of Cardinal Wolsey

CHAPTER II.--The Insurrection of Silken Thomas--The Geraldine League--Administration of Lord Leonard Gray

CHAPTER III.--Sir Anthony St. Leger, Lord Deputy-- Negotiations of the Irish Chiefs with James the Fifth of Scotland--First Attempts to Introduce the Protestant Reformation-- Opposition of the Clergy--Parliament of 1541--The Protectors of the Clergy Excluded--State of the Country--The Crowns United-Henry the Eighth Proclaimed at London and Dublin

CHAPTER IV.--Adhesion of O'Neil, O'Donnell, and O'Brien-- A new Anglo-Irish Peerage--New Relations of Lord and Tenant--Bishops appointed by the Crown--Retrospect

BOOK VIII.

CHAPTER I.--Events of the Reign of Edward Sixth

CHAPTER II.--Events of the Reign of Philip and Mary

CHAPTER III.--Accession of Queen Elizabeth--Parliament of 1560--The Act of Uniformity--Career and Death of John O'Neil "the Proud"

HISTORY OF IRELAND

BOOK I.

CHAPTER I.

THE FIRST INHABITANTS.

Ireland is situated in the North Atlantic, between the degrees fifty-one and a half and fifty-five and a half North, and five and a quarter and ten and a third West longitude from Greenwich. It is the last land usually seen by ships leaving the Old World, and the first by those who arrive there from the Northern ports of America. In size it is less than half as large as Britain, and in shape it may be compared to one of those shields which we see in coats-of-arms, the four Provinces--Ulster, Connaught, Leinster, and Munster--representing the four quarters of the shield.

Around the borders of the country, generally near the coast, several ranges of hills and mountains rear their crests, every Province having one or more such groups. The West and South have, however, the largest and highest of these hills, from the sides of all which descend numerous rivers, flowing in various directions to the sea. Other rivers issue out of large lakes formed in the valleys, such as the Galway river which drains Lough Corrib, and the Bann which carries off the surplus waters of Lough Neagh (_Nay_). In a few districts where